Kentucky Orders Coal Viability and Energy Cost Assessment

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Lawmakers in Kentucky have introduced a joint resolution directing the state’s Energy Planning and Inventory Commission (EPIC) to take a closer look at coal’s future — and its connection to rising energy costs in eastern Kentucky.

House Joint Resolution 77, introduced February 19, would require EPIC to assess the technical and economic viability of coal resources across Appalachian-designated counties and examine why households in the region face some of the highest energy cost burdens in the Commonwealth.

The measure has been referred to the House Committee on Committees.

What the Study Would Examine

If adopted, the commission would evaluate:

  • The operational economics of existing and potential coal-fired generation
  • Fuel supply chains and compliance costs
  • Coal’s contribution to grid reliability
  • Emerging applications such as carbon capture, rare earth extraction, and advanced materials production
  • The drivers behind elevated electricity and home energy costs in eastern Kentucky

The report would be due to the Legislative Research Commission by December 1, 2026, and made publicly available.

Energy Affordability at the Center

The resolution points directly to affordability. Eastern Kentucky households are described as carrying a disproportionate energy burden, with electricity and heating costs consuming a significant share of income.

For a region that has historically powered much of the state through coal production, the economic transition away from mining has been uneven. The study is framed as an effort to better understand whether coal-related infrastructure still plays a role in stabilizing local economies and managing energy costs.

It also emphasizes grid adequacy and reliability — signaling that lawmakers view the issue not only through an economic lens, but through an infrastructure one as well.

What It Means

HJR 77 does not authorize new projects or funding. Instead, it initiates a structured review that could inform future policy decisions tied to rate design, infrastructure investment, and regional economic development.

At its core, the resolution raises a practical question: what role, if any, should coal continue to play in balancing affordability, reliability, and economic stability in eastern Kentucky?

Environment + Energy Leader