As the demand for clean energy surges nationwide, Ohio finds itself at a crossroads. Despite significant potential for solar energy development, a series of restrictive state laws and local government actions have constrained the sector's growth. As of today, solar power generates just under 2% of Ohio's electricity, positioning the state behind national leaders in renewable energy adoption.
Ohio currently boasts an installed solar capacity of approximately 4,715.89 megawatts, enough to power around 594,363 homes. The state ranks 13th nationally in solar energy capacity, according to the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA). However, this growth has slowed considerably since the passage of key legislation in 2021, as local restrictions and regulatory hurdles have curtailed new developments.
Senate Bill 52 (SB 52), enacted in July 2021, significantly altered the solar development landscape. The law grants county commissioners the authority to designate "restricted areas" where utility-scale solar and wind projects are prohibited. It also gives local governments the power to approve or deny proposed projects within their jurisdictions. While proponents argue this enhances local control, critics highlight the chilling effect it has had on solar investments. Since the bill's passage, at least 26 Ohio counties have enacted bans on renewable energy projects, effectively halting solar development in key regions.
In 2023, the Ohio Power Siting Board (OPSB) introduced new rules for solar facilities larger than 50 megawatts. These regulations include:
While these rules aim to address community and environmental concerns, they also introduce increased compliance costs and planning complexities for developers, potentially deterring future projects.
The Ohio Chamber of Commerce has emerged as a vocal supporter of solar energy, advocating for economic benefits tied to renewable projects. Meanwhile, legal disputes surrounding the interpretation of SB 52 and permitting processes are under review by the Ohio Supreme Court. These proceedings are expected to set significant precedents for the future of solar development in the state.
Ohio's solar industry stands at a pivotal moment. While the state has demonstrated capacity and potential for growth, legislative and regulatory roadblocks have hindered progress. As Ohio policymakers consider updates to state energy laws, including proposed Senate Bill 2 and House Bill 15, the direction of solar energy development remains uncertain.
For Ohio to fully leverage its solar potential and contribute meaningfully to national clean energy goals, a more balanced approach is needed—one that respects local concerns while enabling scalable, economically beneficial renewable energy projects.
